Recent progress on charge transfer engineering in reticular framework for efficient electrochemiluminescence.

Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is a luminescence production technique triggered by electrochemistry, which has emerged as a powerful analytical technique in bioanalysis and clinical diagnosis. During ECL, charge transfer (CT) is an important process between electrochemical excitation and luminescent emission, and dramatically affects the efficiency of exciton generation, playing a pivotal role in the light-emitting properties of nanomaterials. Reticular framework materials with intramolecular/intermolecular interactions offer a promising platform for regulating CT pathways and enhancing luminescence efficiency. Deciphering the role of intramolecular/intermolecular CT processes in reticular framework materials allows for the targeted design and synthesis of emitters with precisely controlled CT properties. This sheds light on the microscopic mechanisms of electro-optical conversion in ECL, propelling advancements in their efficiency and breakthrough applications. This mini-review focuses on recent advancements in engineering CT within reticular frameworks to boost ECL efficiency. We summarized strategies including intra-reticular charge transfer, CT between the metal and ligands, and CT between guest molecules and frameworks within reticular frameworks, which holds promise for developing next-generation ECL devices with enhanced sensitivity and light emission.

The effect of different resistance and assistance loads on 30-m sprint kinematics.

Resisted sprint and assisted sprint are the two main types of training methods used by athletes in sprint training, so optimizing resisted sprint training and assisted sprint training process is beneficial for improving athletes' sprint performance. Kinematics is the most intuitive parameter that reflects the quality of training during running process, and it is particularly important to analyze the gait of athletes during resisted and assisted sprint process. Therefore, this paper investigates the effects of resisted and assisted sprint on the sprint kinematics of sprinters in the first 30 meters to demonstrate the targeted effects of resisted and assisted sprint training. The experimental results show that compared to the unloaded running, male collegiate sprinters increase their total step count, decrease their step length, increase their step time, increase their contact time, whereas have almost no change in the flight time when performing the 30-m resisted sprint. Male collegiate sprinters decrease their total step count, increase their step length, increase their step time, decrease their contact time and increase their flight time, when performing the 30-m assisted sprint. In addition, it is found that resisted sprint training is beneficial for improving the athletes' power and explosiveness during the acceleration phase, thereby improving acceleration ability. However, prolonged and frequent resisted sprint training may reduce the step length and step frequency of athletes. Assisted sprint training is beneficial for shortening the contact time of athletes, improving their step length and flight time, and enabling them to overspeed, thereby increasing their maximum speed ability.

Football referee gesture recognition algorithm based on YOLOv8s.

Gesture serves as a crucial means of communication between individuals and between humans and machines. In football matches, referees communicate judgment information through gestures. Due to the diversity and complexity of referees' gestures and interference factors, such as the players, spectators, and camera angles, automated football referee gesture recognition (FRGR) has become a challenging task. The existing methods based on visual sensors often cannot provide a satisfactory performance. To tackle FRGR problems, we develop a deep learning model based on YOLOv8s. Three improving and optimizing strategies are integrated to solve these problems. First, a Global Attention Mechanism (GAM) is employed to direct the model's attention to the hand gestures and minimize the background interference. Second, a P2 detection head structure is integrated into the YOLOv8s model to enhance the accuracy of detecting smaller objects at a distance. Third, a new loss function based on the Minimum Point Distance Intersection over Union (MPDIoU) is used to effectively utilize anchor boxes with the same shape, but different sizes. Finally, experiments are executed on a dataset of six hand gestures among 1,200 images. The proposed method was compared with seven different existing models and 10 different optimization models. The proposed method achieves a precision rate of 89.3%, a recall rate of 88.9%, a mAP@0.5 rate of 89.9%, and a mAP@0.5:0.95 rate of 77.3%. These rates are approximately 1.4%, 2.0%, 1.1%, and 5.4% better than those of the newest YOLOv8s, respectively. The proposed method has right prospect in automated gesture recognition for football matches.

Multi-organ spatiotemporal information aware model for sepsis mortality prediction.

BACKGROUND: Sepsis is a syndrome involving multi-organ dysfunction, and the mortality in sepsis patients correlates with the number of lesioned organs. Precise prognosis models play a pivotal role in enabling healthcare practitioners to administer timely and accurate interventions for sepsis, thereby augmenting patient outcomes. Nevertheless, the majority of available models consider the overall physiological attributes of patients, overlooking the asynchronous spatiotemporal interactions among multiple organ systems. These constraints hinder a full application of such models, particularly when dealing with limited clinical data. To surmount these challenges, a comprehensive model, denoted as recurrent Graph Attention Network-multi Gated Recurrent Unit (rGAT-mGRU), was proposed. Taking into account the intricate spatiotemporal interactions among multiple organ systems, the model predicted in-hospital mortality of sepsis using data collected within the 48-hour period post-diagnosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Multiple parallel GRU sub-models were formulated to investigate the temporal physiological variations of single organ systems. Meanwhile, a GAT structure featuring a memory unit was constructed to capture spatiotemporal connections among multi-organ systems. Additionally, an attention-injection mechanism was employed to govern the data flowing within the network pertaining to multi-organ systems. The proposed model underwent training and testing using a dataset of 10,181 sepsis cases extracted from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III (MIMIC-III) database. To evaluate the model's superiority, it was compared with the existing common baseline models. Furthermore, ablation experiments were designed to elucidate the rationale and robustness of the proposed model. RESULTS: Compared with the baseline models for predicting mortality of sepsis, the rGAT-mGRU model demonstrated the largest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.8777 ± 0.0039 and the maximum area under the precision-recall curve (AUPRC) of 0.5818 ± 0.0071, with sensitivity of 0.8358 ± 0.0302 and specificity of 0.7727 ± 0.0229, respectively. The proposed model was capable of delineating the varying contribution of the involved organ systems at distinct moments, as specifically illustrated by the attention weights. Furthermore, it exhibited consistent performance even in the face of limited clinical data. CONCLUSION: The rGAT-mGRU model has the potential to indicate sepsis prognosis by extracting the dynamic spatiotemporal interplay information inherent in multi-organ systems during critical diseases, thereby providing clinicians with auxiliary decision-making support.

Markerless vision-based functional movement screening movements evaluation with deep neural networks.

The functional movement screen (FMS) test is a seven-test battery used to assess fundamental movement abilities of individuals. It is commonly used to predict sports injuries but relies on clinical expertise and is not suitable for self-examination. This study presents an automatic FMS movement assessment framework using a multi-view deep neural network called MVDNN. The framework combines automatic skeleton extraction with manual feature selection to extract 3D trajectory features of human skeleton joints from two different directions. Three mainstream methods of time-series modeling are then used to learn high-level feature representation from skeleton sequences, and motion features from two views are fused to provide complementary information. Results of public FMS movements dataset demonstrate that our MVDNN outperforms current state-of-the-art methods with an average miF1 score of 0.857, maF1 score of 0.768, and Kappa score of 0.640 over ten runs.

Quantifying the effects of ice hockey upper body pads on mobility and comfort.

Ice hockey is a high-intensity sport in which pads such as shoulder and elbow pads (S/EPs) are necessary to help players avoid injury. However, they can also affect mobility and comfort, thereby affecting players' on-ice performance. We aimed to quantify the effects of S/EPs on mobility and comfort by comparing the range of motion (ROM) of nine elite college-level ice hockey players performing static (nine single-DOF upper-body movements) and dynamic (wrist and slap shots) tasks under six pad conditions (no S/EPs and five types of S/EPs). We also analyzed the relationship between ROM and subjective comfort to provide an objective comfort evaluation of hockey pads. Five types of S/EPs restrict ROM at different levels, imposing additional mobility restrictions. We found significant differences among the five types and a high correlation between comfort and ROM. We conducted a comprehensive evaluation of the impact of ice hockey pads on mobility and comfort.

Validity and test-retest reliability of a resistance training device for Smith machine back squat exercise.

This study evaluated the validity and test-retest reliability of a resistance training device Jueying (Beijing, China) for Smith machine back squat exercise. Twelve male participants completed two test sessions with an interval of one week. In each test session, participants completed 30%, 45%, 60%, and 75% of 1RM back squats on a Smith machine equipped with Jueying and a linear position transducer GymAware (Canberra, Australia), which measured the velocity and power during the movement simultaneously. Results showed that Jueying was both valid (Pearson correlation coefficient [r] = 0.896-0.999, effect size [ES] = 0.004-0.192) when compared with GymAware and consistent between two tests in terms of reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.79-0.95) to assess speed and power within all exercises. The device could be applied to provide athletes and coaches with effective and reliable data in actual application.

Supramolecular assembly-induced electrochemiluminescence enhancement of gold nanoclusters for hemoglobin detection.

Gold nanoclusters (Au NCs) with excellent optical properties and biocompatibility have become one of the most promising electrochemiluminescence (ECL) emitters. However, the low efficiency and poor stability of Au NCs restrict their applications in ECL. Herein, by supramolecular assembly of L-arginine (Arg) and 4-hydroxy-2-mercapto-6-methylpyrimidine (MTU) on the surface of Au NCs, Arg/MTU-Au NCs with enhanced ECL efficiency and stability were prepared. Compared with the MTU-stabilized Au NCs (MTU-Au NCs), the ECL efficiency of Arg/MTU-Au NCs increased by 24.8 times. As a proof-of-concept, a sensitive biosensing platform was constructed for sensitive detection of hemoglobin (Hb) in urine using Arg/MTU-Au NCs as ECL emitters. The proposed ECL detection platform provides a feasible strategy for the detection of biomarkers in urine and has broad application prospects in disease screening and clinical marker detection.

The Impact of high-performance work system perceived by medical staff on job satisfaction: the mediating role of self-efficacy.

As the mainstay of healthcare, the job satisfaction of medical staff deserves attention. This study aimed to explore the correlation between the perception of the high-performance work system (P-HPWS) and job satisfaction of medical staff in public hospitals and to further investigate the mediating effect of self-efficacy. From November 2019 to January 2020, a cross-sectional survey on working doctors and nurses was conducted in five tertiary public hospitals in China. A total of 520 participants were surveyed. The P-HPWS, job satisfaction, and self-efficacy were assessed using the 25-item self-administered scale, six-item job satisfaction questionnaire, and the General Self-Efficacy Scale, respectively. Linear regression and mediation effects models were used to identify the associations between primary variables. The results showed a significant positive correlation between P-HPWS and job satisfaction (P < 0.01), while self-efficacy played a mediating role between P-HPWS and job satisfaction. This finding reveals the benefits of improving employees' P-HPWS and self-efficacy on their job satisfaction, and that hospitals can improve their management systems by implementing and refining HPWS.

Effect of performance determinants on nhl final goal difference / Impacto de los determinantes de desempeño en la diferencia final de goles en la nhl / Efeito dos determinantes de desempenho na diferença final de gols da nhl

ABSTRACT Introduction: In ice hockey games, the team's performance is influenced by many contextual factors, and understanding playing styles allows to reveal how key performance indicators vary under different situations. Objective: This research aims to explore the playing styles of elite ice-hockey teams and to identify key performance aspects under different final goal difference situations. Methods: This article analyzed compared the match performance of 31 National Hockey League teams during 1271 matches considering their playing styles and final goal difference. Results: The principal component analysis obtained 8 performance components describing the technical-tactical styles of the teams. The subsequent analysis found that there was significant difference between three match outcomes in unfavorable state, major penalties, puck possession maintaining ability, shot defending ability, aggressive performance (p<0.001; = 0.007-0.273). Conclusions: Higher-ranked teams winning the unbalanced games showed better performance in shot defending ability and aggressive performance. Lower-ranked teams losing in unbalanced games kept less possession of the puck and were more likely to be shorthanded (p<0.05, ES=0.131-1.410). The study demonstrates how playing styles can be used to contextualize key determinants from ice hockey games. Level of evidence I; Therapeutic Studies Investigating the Results of Treatment.

RESUMEN Introducción: En los juegos de hockey sobre hielo, el rendimiento del equipo está influenciado por varios factores contextuales, y comprender los estilos de juego permite revelar cómo varían los indicadores clave de rendimiento en diferentes situaciones. Objetivo: Esta investigación tiene como objetivo explorar los estilos de juego de los equipos de hockey sobre hielo de élite e identificar aspectos clave del rendimiento en diferentes situaciones de diferencia de gol final. Métodos: El rendimiento del partido de 31 equipos de la Liga Nacional de Hockey durante 1271 partidos fue analizado y comparado, considerando el estilo de juego y la diferencia de gol final. Resultados: El análisis de componentes principales obtuvo 8 componentes de rendimiento que describen los estilos técnico-tácticos de los equipos. El análisis posterior encontró que hubo una diferencia significativa entre tres resultados de partido en estado desfavorable, penalizaciones principales, habilidad para mantener la posesión del disco, habilidad para defender el tiro, desempeño agresivo (p<0,001; = 0,007-0,273). Conclusión: Los equipos de clasificación más alta que ganaron los juegos desequilibrados mostraron un mejor rendimiento en la capacidad de defensa de disparos y en el rendimiento agresivo. Los equipos de clasificación más baja que perdieron en juegos desequilibrados mantuvieron menos posesión del disco y tenían más probabilidades de estar en desventaja numérica (p<0,05, ES=0,131-1,410). El estudio demuestra cómo los estilos de juego pueden utilizarse para contextualizar los determinantes clave de los juegos de hockey sobre hielo. Nivel de Evidencia I; Estudios Terapéuticos que Investigan los Resultados del Tratamiento.

RESUMO Introdução: Nos jogos de hóquei no gelo, o desempenho da equipe é influenciado por vários fatores contextuais, e entender os estilos de jogo permite revelar como os principais indicadores de desempenho variam em diferentes situações. Objetivo: Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo explorar os estilos de jogo das equipes de hóquei no gelo de elite e identificar aspectos-chave de desempenho em diferentes estilos de jogo e a diferença do resultado final. Métodos: O desempenho de partida de 31 equipes da National Hockey League durante 1271 partidas foi analisado e comparado, considerando o estilo de jogo e a diferença de gol final. Resultados: A análise de componentes principais retornou 8 componentes de desempenho, descrevendo os estilos técnico-táticos das equipes. A análise subsequente revelou que houve diferença significativa entre três resultados de jogo em estado desfavorável, penalidades principais, habilidade de manter a posse do disco, habilidade de defender o lance e desempenho agressivo (p<0,001; = 0,007-0,273). Conclusão: As equipes de classificação mais alta que venceram os jogos em desequilíbrio numérico de jogadores apresentaram melhor desempenho na habilidade de defender o lance e no desempenho agressivo. As equipes de classificação mais baixa, que perderam em jogos desequilibrados, mantiveram menos posse do disco e tiveram maior probabilidade de ficar com um jogador a menos (p <0,05, ES = 0,131-1,410). O estudo demonstra como os estilos de jogo podem ser usados para contextualizar os principais determinantes dos jogos de hóquei no gelo. Nível de Evidência I; Estudos Terapêuticos Investigação dos Resultados do Tratamento.

Identifying tumor cell-released extracellular vesicles as biomarkers for breast cancer diagnosis by a three-dimensional hydrogel-based electrochemical immunosensor.

Tumor cell-released LC3+ extracellular vesicles (LC3+ EVs) participate in immunosuppression during autophagy and contribute to the occurrence and development of breast cancer. In view of the strong association between the LC3+ EVs and breast cancer, developing an effective strategy for the quantitative detection of LC3+ EVs levels with high sensitivity to identify LC3+ EVs as new biomarkers for accurate diagnosis of breast cancer is crucial, but yet not been reported. Herein, an ultrasensitive electrochemical immunosensor is presented for the quantitative determination of LC3+ EVs using a three-dimensional graphene oxide hydrogel-methylene blue composite as a redox probe, showing a low detection limit and a wide linear range. With this immunosensor, the expression levels of LC3+ EVs in various practical sample groups including different cancer cell lines, the peripheral blood of tumor-bearing mice before and after immunotherapy, and the peripheral blood from breast cancer patients with different subtypes and stages were clearly distinguished. This study demonstrated that LC3+ EVs were superior as biomarkers for the accurate diagnosis of breast cancer compared to traditional biomarkers, particularly for cancer subtype discrimination. This work would provide a new noninvasive detection tool for the early diagnosis and prognosis assessment of breast cancer in clinics.

Decoupling of the Confused Complex in Oxidation of 3,3',5,5'-Tetramethylbenzidine for the Reliable Chromogenic Bioassay.

Regulation of the reaction pathways is a perennial theme in the field of chemistry. As a typical chromogenic substrate, 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) generally undertakes one-electron oxidation, but the product (TMBox1) is essentially a confused complex and is unstable, which significantly hampers the clinic chromogenic bioassays for more than 50 years. Herein, we report that sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-based micelles could drive the direct two-electron oxidation of TMB to the final stable TMBox2. Rather than activation of H2O2 oxidant in the one-electron TMB oxidation by common natural peroxidase, activation of the TMB substrate by SDS micelles decoupled the thermodynamically favorable complex between TMBox2 with unreacted TMB, leading to an unusual direct two-electron oxidation pathway. Mechanism studies demonstrated that the complementary spatial and electrostatic isolation effects, caused by the confined hydrophobic cavities and negatively charged outer surfaces of SDS micelles, were crucial. Further cascading with glucose oxidase, as a proof-of-concept application, allowed glucose to be more reliably measured, even in a broader range of concentrations without any conventional strong acid termination.

Design and validation of depth camera-based static posture assessment system.

Postural abnormalities have become a prevalent issue affecting individuals of all ages, resulting in a diminished quality of life. Easy-use and reliable posture assessment tools can aid in screening for and correcting posture deviation at an early stage. In this study, we present a depth camera-based static posture assessment system to screen for common postural anomalies such as uneven shoulders, pelvic tilt, bowlegs and knock-knees, forward head, scoliosis, and shoulder blade inclination. The system consists of an Azure Kinect camera, a laptop, and evaluation software. Our system accurately measures skeleton and posture indexes and shows favorable agreement with a golden standard optical infrared motion capture system. The findings indicate that the system is a low-cost posture assessment tool with high precision and accuracy, suitable for initial screening of postural abnormalities in individuals of all ages.

Ligand-induced Assembly of Copper Nanoclusters with Enhanced Electrochemical Excitation and Radiative Transition for Electrochemiluminescence.

Copper nanoclusters (CuNCs) are emerging electrochemiluminescence (ECL) emitters with unique molecule-like electronic structures, high abundance, and low cost. However, the synthesis of CuNCs with high ECL efficiency and stability in a scalable manner remains challenging. Here, we report a facile gram-scale approach for preparing self-assembled CuNCs (CuNCsAssy ) induced by ligands with exceptionally boosted anodic ECL and stability. Compared to the disordered aggregates that are inactive in ECL, the CuNCsAssy shows a record anodic ECL efficiency for CuNCs (10 %, wavelength-corrected, relative to Ru(bpy)3 Cl2 /tripropylamine). Mechanism studies revealed the unusual dual functions of ligands in simultaneously facilitating electrochemical excitation and radiative transition. Moreover, the assembly addressed the limitation of poor stability of conventional CuNCs. As a proof of concept, an ECL biosensor for alkaline phosphatase detection was successfully constructed with an ultralow limit of detection of 8.1×10-6  U/L.

Carbon Nitride-Based Heterojunction Photoelectrodes with Modulable Charge-Transfer Pathways toward Selective Biosensing.

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensing enables the rapid, accurate, and highly sensitive detection of biologically important chemicals. However, achieving high selectivity without external biological elements remains a challenge because the PEC reactions inherently have poor selectivity. Herein, we report a strategy to address this problem by regulating the charge-transfer pathways using polymeric carbon nitride (pCN)-based heterojunction photoelectrodes. Interestingly, because of redox reactions at different semiconductor/electrolyte interfaces with specific charge-transfer pathways, each analyte demonstrated a unique combination of photocurrent-change polarity. Based on this principle, a pCN-based PEC sensor for the highly selective sensing of ascorbic acid in serum against typical interferences, such as dopamine, glutathione, epinephrine, and citric acid was successfully developed. This study sheds light on a general PEC sensing strategy with high selectivity without biorecognition units by engineering charge-transfer pathways in heterojunctions on photoelectrodes.

Non-Pharmacological Interventions in Patients With Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of non-pharmacologic interventions and the additional benefits of their combination in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). DATA SOURCES: We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Clinical Trials Register from the date of database inception to April 22, 2023. STUDY SELECTION: Randomized controlled trials involving non-pharmacologic interventions conducted in patients with HFrEF were included. DATA EXTRACTION: Data were extracted by 2 independent reviewers based on a pre-tested data extraction form. The quality of evidence was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation method. DATA SYNTHESIS: A total of 82 eligible studies (4574 participants) were included. We performed a random-effects model within a Bayesian framework to calculate weighted mean differences (WMDs) and 95% credibility intervals. High or moderate certainty evidence indicated that high-intensity aerobic interval training (HIAIT) was best on improving 6-minute walk distance (6MWD; 68.55 m [36.41, 100.47]) and left ventricular ejection fraction (6.28% [3.88, 8.77]), while high-intensity aerobic continuous training (HIACT) is best on improving peak oxygen consumption (Peak VO2; 3.48 mL/kg•min [2.84, 4.12]), quality of life (QOL; -17.26 [-29.99, -7.80]), resting heart rate (-8.20 bpm [-13.32, -3.05]), and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (-600.96 pg/mL [-902.93, -404.52]). Moderate certainty evidence supported the effectiveness of inspiratory muscle training to improve peak oxygen consumption and functional electrical stimulation to improve QOL. Moderate-intensity aerobic continuous training (MIACT) plus moderate-intensity resistance training (MIRT) had additional benefits in Peak VO2, 6MWD, and QOL. This review did not provide a comprehensive evaluation of adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: Both HIAIT and HIACT are the most effective single non-pharmacologic interventions for HFrEF. MIACT plus MIRT had additional benefits in improving peak oxygen consumption, 6MWD, and QOL.

Analysis of the characteristics and risk factors affecting the judgment results of medical damage liability disputes in 3172 second-instance and retrial cases in China.

BACKGROUND: Medical disputes remain a global public health problem. However, an analysis of the characteristics and risk factors affecting the judgment results of medical damage liability disputes in second-instance and retrial cases in China has yet to be conducted. METHODS: We conducted a systematic search and evaluation of second-instance and retrial cases among all medical damage liability disputes in China Judgments Online; SPSS 22.0 was used for the statistical analysis. A χ2 test or likelihood ratio Chi-square test was used to compare differences between groups, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine independent risk factors that could affect the judgment results of medical disputes. RESULTS: We included 3172 second-instance and retrial cases among all medical damage liability disputes in the analysis. The results showed that 48.04% of cases were unilateral appeals by the patient, and medical institutions were responsible for providing compensation in 80.64% of these cases. Cases involving compensation ranged from Chinese Yuan (CNY) 100 000 to 500 000 ranked first (40.95%); 21.66% were non-compensation cases. Cases involving mental damage compensation of less than CNY 20 000 accounted for 39.03%. Violations of medical treatment and nursing routines accounted for 64.25% of all cases. In addition, re-identification in 54.59% of cases changed the initial appraisal opinion. Independent risk factors for medical personnel to lose a lawsuit in a multivariate logistic regression model included appeal originator [patient side: OR = 18.809 (95% CI 11.854-29.845); both sides: OR = 22.168 (95% CI 12.249-40.117)], change of the original verdict (OR = 5.936, 95% CI 3.875-9.095), judicial identification (OR = 6.395, 95% CI 4.818-8.487), violations of medical treatment and nursing routines (OR = 8.783, 95% CI 6.658-11.588), and non-standard medical document writing (OR = 8.500, 95% CI 4.805-15.037). CONCLUSION: Our study clarifies the characteristics of second-instance and retrial cases among all medical damage liability disputes in China from multiple perspectives and identifies the independent risk factors for medical personnel losing a lawsuit. This study could help medical institutions prevent and reduce medical disputes, at the same time, it could be helpful for medical institutions to provide better medical treatment and nursing services for patients.